“Europe after the Congress of Vienna saw waves of nationalism sweeping across the continent. Nationalist movements brought the Italian speakers together to form a modern day Italy in the mid 19th century,while other empires struggled to barely maintain control over the many different peoples living within their borders.”
Nationalism : -Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts. -An extreme form of this, esp. marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.
Stanford University defines Nationalism as......the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, common origin, ethnicity, cultural ties,the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination which means having full authority of the nation in domestic and foreign affairs.
Elements of Nationalism: Culture-Common culture leaves less space for disagreements. History- Shared history means a deeper connection. Language- Common language means less factors to separate people into groups. Religion- Common beliefs gives sense of unity. Territory - Shared land gives a sense of unity.
Who is in and who is out? Who defines which people belong in a national society? →The countries on the map located below are the ones in which nationalism is rising in. They are growing a desire for unity within nations. Does nationalism untie or divide? →Nationalism unites. It brings people together and creates a sense of unity. Nationalism causes people to try and erase those lines that reside within nations, the lines that are responsible for dividing countries. Why did a strong sense of nationalism begin in Europe before other parts of the world? →A strong sense of nationalism began in Europe before other parts of the world because it has suffered through many obsticles. It's beginning to focus more on the country and the benefits of being united.
Europe 1815
The Red Shirts
I SEE
IT MEANS
1. People in red uniforms 2.Some peope are shooting 3.Many of the people are dead/ injured 4.A flag being held up. (Green/Red/White) 5.Men on the lef side trying to move it. (White uniorms) 6. A man in red standing above the crowd pointing a sword.
1. They are the Red Shirts members 2.War 3.Casualties 4.Italian flag 5.Battle of Catalafimi - Galbaldi and troops succeeding in the battle. 6.Garbaldi leading the Red Shirts (Fighting for the unification of the Italian States)
Based on this painting, I infer that the artist was a supporter of the Red Shirts because he focused on the victory of the Red Shirt during the battle of Catalafimi against the Sicilian troops. The artist includes the Italian flag to represent nationalism amongst the Red Shirt, and portrays Garbaldi as a strong leader by placing him higher than the rest of the people, unwounded, and standing strong.
What do Sardinia, Austria, & France have to do with Italian reunification ?
→France is Italy's ally. It is supporting Italy on it's quest for freedom from Austria's rule. →Austria is in control of the Italian State Gov'ts. →Sardinia is the first Italian state to gain independance from Austrian rule.
Key Term
Definition
Giuseppe Mazzini
(1805–1872) Italian patriot; he formed the nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for the unification of the separate Italian states into one nation.
Camilo di Cavour
(1810–1861) Italian statesman and premier of the kingdom of Sardinia; architect of the Italian unification movement in the late 1800s.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
(1807–1882) Italian military and nationalist leader; he unified the southern states of Italy and joined them to the north to form the united Kingdom of Italy.
Victor Emmanuel
(1820–1878) King of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1849 to 1861 and king of Italy from 1861 to 1878; he was the first king of a united Italy.
Red Shirts
Army of volunteer troops led by Giuseppe Garibaldi; in 1860 they attacked the island of Sicily and won it for the Italians
Il Risorgimento
Means resurgence or rebirth, The national newspaper founded by Camilo di Cavour movement for Italian unification and freedom from Austrian control.
Path Toward Unity - Ch 10.1
Comments/ Connections. Questions
Notes Important Events, Important People.
-What caused many of those rebellions to be unsuccessful? -What did Cavour and Garibaldi do that causedtheir rebellions and revolts to succeed? -Perhaps if they had a good relationship with France at that time, then France probably wouldn't have helped the pope regain control over Rome. -I wonder of Austria did anything to Cavour for starting that nationalist newspaper inspiring others to revolt against Austrian rule. -I wonder how Cavour got into politics -That was a smart move on Cavour's part. By creatingand maintaining a good relationship with France, and supporting it in it's time of need, Cavour succeeded in finding a strong ally.
The number of rebellions increased as did the growing desire for nationalism. Many of these rebellions were unsuccessful. Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi, rose to lead a rebellion that resulted in success Uprisings and Revolutions 1848 → Italian citizens were rebelling against Austrian rule. →There were many defeats such as the Piedmont’s when they went into a war against Austria. 1849 →Revolutionaries seized Rome. →They set up a republic that Mazzini and two others leaders governed. →French troops helped pope regain control of Rome. Successful revolt (only one) →Sardinia →Forced rulers into granting a new constitution. →Sardinia remained independent. Cavour and Sardinia Cavour →founded a nationalist newspaper called Il Risorgimento, which means “resurgence” or “rebirth.” →Il Risorgimento. : movement for Italian unification and freedom from Austrian control 1852 →Cavour became prime minister of the independent Kingdom of Sardinia →Focused on building the Sardinian economy. →Supported Italy becoming a monarchy. →Supported France in a war w/ Russia.( Gave them provinces of Savoy and Nice) →This led to France joining with Italy in war against Austria. →Plan = Success 1860 →The northern Italian states were liberated from the control of the Austrian Empire.
Unification Map of Italy.
Map Analysis -The Kingdom of Sardinia first attacked from Genoa to Tuscany, then Sicily and later dispersed onto the east of Sicily. Then going onto the south west tip of Italy, then going north with a curve towards Naples. Italy was becoming more and more unified with each territory added. Venetia was the only land that was still under control of the Austria. Due to Garbaldi and the spreading sense of nationalism, Italy was able to become unified.
Italian Reunification
CAUSE
EFFECT
→Stonger desire for Nationalism →Mazzini and Young Italy smuggled Italian pamphlets to inspire uprisings against Austria. → Covour become Prime Minister of Sardinia →Garbaldi is exhiled to S America. → Garbaldi returns to Italy and leads the the army against Austria.
→Many outbreaks and Rebellions against Austria's rule. →These panphlets contributed to the desire for nationalism in the hearts of the Italians. → Forms allies by supporting France in a war with Russia. Russia then supports Sardinia with the rebellion against Austria →He learns methods for Guerrilla Wars. Uses methods to fight against Austria when he returned to Italy. → Italy takes Lombardy.
After the reunification, Garibaldi returned to Italy in 1854 and settled in Caprera northeast of Sardinia He separated politically from Mazzini and formed an alliance with Victor Emmanuel II, the king of Sardinia, and his premier, Conte Camillo Benso di Cavour. In 1860 he conquered Sicily and set up a provisional insular government. In 1861 he conquered Naples and gave it to Victor Emmanuel in 1861 and headed home to Caprera. An United Italy was established in 1861 with Victor Emmanuel as king.
→Why is Napoleon so ready to asist Cavour? →How does Napoleon benefit from any of this? →Does Cavour get revenge on Napoleon for leaving them midway like that? →I agree with Napoleons decision to withdraw from the war and make a treaty with Austria because odds are Napoleon would suffer many casualties.
Italians felt the need to unify because they were already similar and by unifying, they would just be making themselves even stronger. They already shared a common language (Italian), they shared the same history such as being under Napoleon's rule then seperating after Napoleon. They also lived in the same territory.
The motivation came from the sense of Nationalism. Under Napoleon's rule, they've experienced how the sense of Nastionalism made them stronger. They wanted that feeling back.
I predeict that in the near future, Italy won't be that stong when it comes to economic power. They have been so caught up in unifying that their economic power didn't make it in their list of priorities.
GLOG - RUSSIAN NATIONALISM- Scroll to see the whole thing :)
“Europe after the Congress of Vienna saw waves of nationalism sweeping across the continent. Nationalist movements brought the Italian speakers together to form a modern day Italy in the mid 19th century,while other empires struggled to barely maintain control over the many different peoples living within their borders.”
Nationalism :
-Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
-An extreme form of this, esp. marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.
Stanford University defines Nationalism as......the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, common origin, ethnicity, cultural ties,the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination which means having full authority of the nation in domestic and foreign affairs.
Elements of Nationalism:
Culture-Common culture leaves less space for disagreements.
History- Shared history means a deeper connection.
Language- Common language means less factors to separate people into groups.
Religion- Common beliefs gives sense of unity.
Territory - Shared land gives a sense of unity.
Who is in and who is out? Who defines which people belong in a national society?
→The countries on the map located below are the ones in which nationalism is rising in. They are growing a desire for unity within nations.
Does nationalism untie or divide?
→Nationalism unites. It brings people together and creates a sense of unity. Nationalism causes people to try and erase those lines that reside within nations, the lines that are responsible for dividing countries.
Why did a strong sense of nationalism begin in Europe before other parts of the world?
→A strong sense of nationalism began in Europe before other parts of the world because it has suffered through many obsticles. It's beginning to focus more on the country and the benefits of being united.
2.Some peope are shooting
3.Many of the people are dead/ injured
4.A flag being held up. (Green/Red/White)
5.Men on the lef side trying to move it. (White uniorms)
6. A man in red standing above the crowd pointing a
sword.
2.War
3.Casualties
4.Italian flag
5.Battle of Catalafimi - Galbaldi and troops succeeding in the battle.
6.Garbaldi leading the Red Shirts (Fighting for the unification
of the Italian States)
Based on this painting, I infer that the artist was a supporter of the Red Shirts because he focused on the victory of the Red Shirt during the battle of Catalafimi against the Sicilian troops. The artist includes the Italian flag to represent nationalism amongst the Red Shirt, and portrays Garbaldi as a strong leader by placing him higher than the rest of the people, unwounded, and standing strong.
What do Sardinia, Austria, & France have to do with Italian reunification ?
→France is Italy's ally. It is supporting Italy on it's quest for freedom from Austria's rule.
→Austria is in control of the Italian State Gov'ts.
→Sardinia is the first Italian state to gain independance from Austrian rule.
Path Toward Unity - Ch 10.1
to be unsuccessful?
-What did Cavour and Garibaldi do
that causedtheir rebellions and revolts
to succeed?
-Perhaps if they had a good relationship
with France at that time, then France
probably wouldn't have helped the pope
regain control over Rome.
-I wonder of Austria did anything to Cavour for
starting that nationalist newspaper inspiring
others to revolt against Austrian rule.
-I wonder how Cavour got into politics
-That was a smart move on Cavour's part.
By creatingand maintaining a good
relationship with France, and
supporting it in it's time of need, Cavour
succeeded in finding a strong ally.
desire for nationalism. Many of these rebellions were
unsuccessful. Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi,
rose to lead a rebellion that resulted in success
Uprisings and Revolutions
1848
→ Italian citizens were rebelling against Austrian rule.
→There were many defeats such as the Piedmont’s
when they went into a war against Austria.
1849
→Revolutionaries seized Rome.
→They set up a republic that Mazzini and two others
leaders governed.
→French troops helped pope regain control of Rome.
Successful revolt (only one)
→Sardinia
→Forced rulers into granting a new constitution.
→Sardinia remained independent.
Cavour and Sardinia
Cavour
→founded a nationalist newspaper called Il Risorgimento,
which means “resurgence” or “rebirth.”
→Il Risorgimento. : movement for Italian unification and
freedom from Austrian control
1852
→Cavour became prime minister of the independent
Kingdom of Sardinia
→Focused on building the Sardinian economy.
→Supported Italy becoming a monarchy.
→Supported France in a war w/ Russia.( Gave them
provinces of Savoy and Nice)
→This led to France joining with Italy in war against Austria.
→Plan = Success
1860
→The northern Italian states were liberated from the control
of the Austrian Empire.
Map Analysis
-The Kingdom of Sardinia first attacked from Genoa to Tuscany, then Sicily and later dispersed onto the east of Sicily. Then going onto the south west tip of Italy, then going north with a curve towards Naples. Italy was becoming more and more unified with each territory added. Venetia was the only land that was still under control of the Austria. Due to Garbaldi and the spreading sense of nationalism, Italy was able to become unified.
Italian Reunification
→Mazzini and Young Italy smuggled Italian pamphlets to inspire uprisings against Austria.
→ Covour become Prime Minister of Sardinia
→Garbaldi is exhiled to S America.
→ Garbaldi returns to Italy and leads the the army against Austria.
→These panphlets contributed to the desire for nationalism in the hearts of the Italians.
→ Forms allies by supporting France in a war with Russia. Russia
then supports Sardinia with the rebellion against Austria
→He learns methods for Guerrilla Wars. Uses methods to fight against Austria when he returned to Italy.
→ Italy takes Lombardy.
After the reunification, Garibaldi returned to Italy in 1854 and settled in Caprera northeast of Sardinia He separated politically from Mazzini and formed an alliance with Victor Emmanuel II, the king of Sardinia, and his premier, Conte Camillo Benso di Cavour. In 1860 he conquered Sicily and set up a provisional insular government. In 1861 he conquered Naples and gave it to Victor Emmanuel in 1861 and headed home to Caprera. An United Italy was established in 1861 with Victor Emmanuel as king.
http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm
VIDEO ANALYSIS -
→Why is Napoleon so ready to asist Cavour?
→How does Napoleon benefit from any of this?
→Does Cavour get revenge on Napoleon for leaving them midway like that?
→I agree with Napoleons decision to withdraw from the war and make a treaty with Austria because odds are Napoleon would suffer many casualties.
Italians felt the need to unify because they were already similar and by unifying, they would just be making themselves even stronger. They already shared a common language (Italian), they shared the same history such as being under Napoleon's rule then seperating after Napoleon. They also lived in the same territory.
The motivation came from the sense of Nationalism. Under Napoleon's rule, they've experienced how the sense of Nastionalism made them stronger. They wanted that feeling back.
I predeict that in the near future, Italy won't be that stong when it comes to economic power. They have been so caught up in unifying that their
economic power didn't make it in their list of priorities.
GLOG - RUSSIAN NATIONALISM-
Scroll to see the whole thing :)